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Mussaenda frondosa
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Family:
RUBIACEAE
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Citation: Mussaenda frondosa L., Syst. Nat. (ed.10) 2: 931.1759; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 145. 1982; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 198. 1989; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 172. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 430. 2009.
Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203. 1824; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 214. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 198. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 225. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 339. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 237. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 238. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 171. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 228. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 160. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 337. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 180. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 155. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 335. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 258. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 360. 2009.
Mussaenda laxa (Hook. f.) Hutch. ex Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 610(430). 1921; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12.1996.
Mussaenda frondosa L. var. laxa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 89. 1880.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Parathole, Vellila, Vellilam, Vellilathaali, Vellimayithali, Vellapperuma
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Schizomussaenda
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Description:
Straggling shrubs; branchlets pubescent. Leaves simple, opposite, 6-10 x 4-6 cm, broadly ovate, caudate acuminate at apex, base rounded, sparsely hairy on both surfaces; petiole to 1.5 cm long; stipules 3-4 mm long, ovate, bifid at apex. Cymes terminal, lax, tomentose. Flowers 5-merous. Bracts and bracteoles linear, 1-1.5 cm, hairy. Calyx-lobes 5, 0.8-1 cm long, lanceolate, hairy, one of the calyx lobes transformed into a showy, white, pubescent, leaf-like structure, 8-12 x c. 4.5 cm. Corolla 2.5-3 cm long, funnel-shaped dialated above middle, orange-red or yellow, tomentose outside, villous at mouth; lobes 6-7 mm long, ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 5, included or exserted. Berry c. 1 cm across, globose.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-March
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Peninsular India
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Orange, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Peninsular India
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
800-1200
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Localities:
Ontangadi, Anachal - way to Vellathuval, Manimooli, Nedumkayam, Thenmalai, Athirumala
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