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Ischaemum barbatum
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Family:
POACEAE/GRAMINEAE
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Citation: Ischaemum barbatum Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 35. 1791; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 333. 1982; Sreek. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Kerala Grasses 123. 1991; Sur, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 25: 410. 2001; R. Kr. Singh & P.S.N. Rao, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 32: 803. 2008.
Meoschium barbatum (Retz.) P. Beauv. ex Roem & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 789.1817.
Ischaemum aristatum sensu Hack. ssp. imberbe var. mangaluricum Hack. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 204. 1889; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 127. 1896.
Ischaemum goebelii Hack., Oest. Bot. Zeit. 51: 149. 1901; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 333. 1982.
Ischaemum mangaluricum (Hack.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch. in Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1723(1194). 1934; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 467. 1985; Sreek. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Kerala Grasses 147. 1991; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 333. 1982; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 938. 1990; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 479. 1991; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 534. 1998; Sur, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 25: 422. 2001; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 860. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 989. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Annual or perennial herbs, culms 80-120 cm high, erect, tufted, nodes glabrous. Leaves 10-40 x 0.4-1 cm, linear-lanceolate, narrowed at base; sheaths slightly keeled; ligules ovate, 3-5 mm long, acute, membranous. Racemes 2, appressed to each other and appear solitary, 6-15 cm long; joints clavate-turbinate, 5-6 mm long, crustaceous or coriaceous. Sessile spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, awned; callus glabrous; lower glume ovate-oblong, 6-7 x 2.5-3 mm, acute, coriaceous, 13-15 nerved, with or without 4-6 side nodules, tip winged on one side, wing scabrid; upper glume boat-shaped or ovate-lanceolate when spread, 6-7 x 2 mm, coriaceous, keeled on dorsal side, minutely winged at apex, margins infolded, hyaline; lower floret male; upper floret bisexual; first lemma elliptic-lanceolate, c. 6 x 1.5 mm, shortly acuminate, delicate, 3-5 nerved, margins infolded, hyaline; palea elliptic-lanceolate, c. 6 x 1.5 mm, delicate, hyaline, 2-keeled, 2-nerved; stamens 3, anthers c. 2 mm long, cream coloured; second lemma notched, c.6 x 2.5 mm, awned, lobes acuminate, hyaline, faintly 5-7 nerved, awn 8-10 mm long; palea oblong, 4-4.5 x 1-1.5 mm, delicate, hyaline, 2-keeled, 2-nerved, sprinkled with wart like dots. Stamens 3, anthers c. 3 mm long, cream-yellow. Ovary linear-oblong, c. 1 mm long, styles c. 2 mm long; stigmas 1.5-2 mm, brownish. Pedicelled spikelets ovate-oblong, 5-6 mm long, awnless; pedicels obovate or clavate, c. 2 mm long; lower glume ovate-oblong, 5-6 x 2-3 mm, acute, coriaceous, 9-11 nerved, broadly winged on one margin, wing scabrid; upper glume boat-shaped, or ovate-lanceolate when spread, acute, c. 5 x 2 mm, coriaceous, 5-7 nerved, margins infolded, hyaline; florets male; lemmas and paleas similar to those of the sessile spikelet, but smaller; second lemma entire, awnless. Stamens 3, anthers c. 2 mm long.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
October-January
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District(s):
Kozhikkode, Alappuzha, Kasaragode, Idukki, Malappuram, Kannur, Thrissur, Wayanad
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Along banks of lakes and streams, also found in rocky habitats.
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Distribution:
Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philipiens, SIngapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and India
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Aquatic:
Yes
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
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Weed:
Yes
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Monocot/Dicot:
Monocotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
500-2000
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Localities:
Koippadi
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