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Hybanthus enneaspermus
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Family:
VIOLACEAE
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Citation: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10: 81. 1876; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 34. 1982; S.P. Banerjee & B.B. Pramanik, Fasc. Fl. Ind. 12: 2. 1983 & in B.D. Sharma & N.P. Balakr., Fl. India 2: 343. 1993; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 71. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 63. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 47. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 67. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 23. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 58. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 9. 1995; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 55. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 20. 1999; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 70. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 56. 2005; K. Vivek. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 251. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 95. 2009.
Viola enneasperma L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
Viola suffruticosa L., Sp. Pl. 937. 1753.
Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent., Jard. Malm. Sub. t. 27. 1803.
Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Ging. in DC., Prodr. 1: 311. 1824; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 185. 1872; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 49(35). 1915.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Orithalthamara
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Spade Flower
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Description:
Annual herbs to 30 cm high; stem woody at base, scabrous. Leaves subsessile, 0.6-3 x 0.3-1 cm, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, base attenuate, margins distantly crenate, crenations scabrous hairy, apex acute, hirsute; stipules 1-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicel 0.6-1.5 cm long, slender. Sepals 5, subequal, 2-3 x 1 mm, lanceolate, acute, ciliate. Petals 5, pinkish, unequal; lower one 0.8-1.5 cm long, suborbicular, clawed, other 4 smaller, 3-5 mm long, elliptic or triangular-oblong. Stamens 5, c. 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled; ovules many; style clavate; stigma oblique. Capsules 5-8 mm long, ovoid. Seeds many, ovoid.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
July-November
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Dry deciduous forests and wastelands
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Distribution:
Sri Lanka, India, China, Madagascar, Africa and Tropical Australia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Red
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
300-500
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Localities:
Chinnar, Champakkad, Nellimukal, Tellicherry, Cheruvathur, Manjeswar, Kayamkulam, Perakamanna, Thenmalai, Kappukadu
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