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Cyathocalyx zeylanica
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Family:
ANNONACEAE
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Citation: Cyathocalyx zeylanica Champ. ex Hook. f. & Thoms., Fl. Ind. 127. 1855 & Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 53. 1872; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 13(9). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 62. 1984; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 46. 1990; Debika Mitra in B. D. Sharma et al., Fl. India 1: 256. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 45. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 3. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 26. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 11. 1997; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 52. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 40. 2005; M. Mohanan in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 141. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 92. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kodavazha, Elappati
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Medium sized evergreen trees, 10-20 m tall, bark greyish-brown, smooth, blaze dull yellow, branches horizontal, confined to the top of the trunk; young branches drooping. Leaves simple, alternate, distichous, estipulate; petiole 7-10 mm, slender, pubescent when young, canaliculate above; lamina 13-27 x 4-9 cm, elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate; base obliquely obtuse, cuneate or acute; apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; margin entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shiny above; lateral nerves 8-13 pairs, slender, prominent beneath, pinnate; intercostae reticulate, midrib and nerves pubescent beneath when young. Flowers, bisexual, solitary, or in pairs, extra axillary, pale green; pedicels stout, 1-5 cm long, brown pubescent when young; sepals combined in to a 3 lobed cup, rusty tomentellous, glabrous inside; petals 6 (3+3), constricted above base, connivent with their spoon shaped base over and closely appressed to stamens and carpels, thinly fleshly, clawed, ovate-lanceolate, subacute, golden pubescent outside, puberulous inside; outer petals 2.5-4 x.7-0.8 cm; inner petals as long as or slightly longer and narrower than outer, fused by their very bases; torus glabrous, flat with a cavity in the centre; stamens numerous, conective broad, concealing the anthers, cuneate at the base, truncate at the top, ca.2 mm long, anther theca linear; carpels solitary on a concave torus, cylindric, ca 4 mm long; ovary pubescent, ovules many, style short, stigma peltate, dark red. Fruit a berry, ovoid, 7 x 5 cm, slightly constricted in the middle, fleshy, yellowish, turning black, glabrous, seeds 8-10 in 2 rows, compressed, testa reddish-brown, bony, smooth, transversely rugose on sides.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
January-June
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District(s):
Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad, Ernakulam, Malappuram
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
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Distribution:
South India and Sri Lanka
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Green, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
700-800
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Localities:
Chimmini, Kattalappara, Rosemala, Moozhiar, Kaikatty forests-Pothundy, Merchiston, Pooyamkutty, Kulathupuzha-Rockwood Road, Attayar
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