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Crotalaria juncea
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Family:
FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Subfam.: Papilionoideae)
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Citation: Crotalaria juncea L., Sp. Pl. 714. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 79. 1876; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 297(210). 1918; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 78. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 142. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 120. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 131. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 150. 1990; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 122. 1992; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 140. 1994; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 87. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 87. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 164. 2005; Ansari, Crotalaria India 95. 2008; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 206. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 274. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chanaka, Chanambu, Dhunam, Kattuthanatalakatta, Pulivanni, Sanam, Wuckoonar
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Bengal Hemp, Brown Hemp, Indian Hemp, Madras Hemp, Sun Hemp
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Description:
Annual erect herbs to 2.3 m tall; stems striate, silky-pubescent. Leaves 3-8 x 0.5-1.5 cm, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, base usually acute, apex obtuse to subacute, apiculate, clothed on both sides with appressed hairs; petiole to 3 mm long; stipules minute. Inflorescence teminal, racemose, many-flowered, 15-30 cm long. Flowers yellow, 1.5-2 cm long; pedicels c. 5 mm long; bracts 3-4 mm long, lanceolate; bracteoles linear. Calyx c. 1.8 cm long, fulvous hairy, teeth linear-lanceolate. Petals 1.5-2 cm long; standard c. 2 cm long and broad, ovate, veined red, silky without; wings shorter than keel and standard. Pods sessile, 2.5-3x 1-1.3 cm, oblong-cylindrical, fulvous silky hairy. Seeds 8-15, c. 4 mm long, obliquely-cordiform.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
July-September
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Dry deciduous forests, also grown as green mannure in the plains
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Distribution:
India; now spread to most tropical countries
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Nellimedu, Peruvaripallam, Adoor, Tolpetty, Nileswar, Mukkali forests, Ponmudi, Pallippuram
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