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Toddalia asiatica
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Family:
RUTACEAE
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Citation: Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: 116. 1797; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 150(107). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 59. 1982; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 25,33. 1996; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 403.1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 69. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 55. 1998; Pradeep, Fl. Vellarimala 38. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 51. 2002; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 610. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 199. 2009.
Paullinia asiatica L., Sp. Pl. 365. 1753.
Toddalia aculeata (Smith) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 249. 1805; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 497. 1875.
Toddalia floribunda Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 17, t. 232. 1832.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. floribunda (Wall.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal pt.2, Nat. Hist. 44: 130. 1875; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 46. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 85. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 106. 1990; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 126. 1997; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 113. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 159. 2009.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Illustr. 2: 116. 1797, var. obtusifolia Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 47. 1988; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 146. 2002; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 85. 1996.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. var. gracilis Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 151(107). 1915; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 111. 1990; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 57. 1999.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kanthamkolunthu, Kanthammullu, Kakkathodali, Karamullu, Melakkaranam, Mulakuthali
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Forest pepper, Lopez root
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Description:
Stragglers, the stem scrambling by the sharp, recurved prickles. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets sessile, 3-6 x 1.5-2.5 cm, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse or acute, base acute, margins shallowly crenulate, thin-coriaceous; petiole to 2.5 cm, often prickly beneath. Panicles axillary, to 5 cm long. Flowers c. 4 mm across. Sepals small, deltoid. Petals 3 x 1.5 cm, oblong, cream coloured, glandular. Stamens 3 mm long. Ovary in the pistillate flowers on a short gynophore. Fruit ca. 5 mm across, subglobose, apiculate, glandular, orange colour when ripe; seeds 3 or 4, subreniform.
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Habit:
Climber
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-July
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Evergreen and shola forests, also in scrub jungles
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia and Africa
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
-2500
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Localities:
Sholayar, Karimala Hills, Deviar, Uppermanalar, Alampetty, Vengoli, Pooppara, Karimala, Varadimalai area, Upper Moozhiar, Moozhiar, Sispara, Pathenthode, Kuzhichundan mala, Chandanathode, Old Devicolam, Thuthampara, Kanichukulangara, Thalichola, Karuvara
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