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Terminalia chebula
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Family:
COMBRETACEAE
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Citation: Terminalia chebula Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 31. 1789; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 446. 1878,p.p.; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 464(328). 1919; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 183. 1994; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 127. 1999; Gangop. & Chakrab., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 21: 345. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 134. 1998; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 250. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 351. 2009.
Myrobalanus chebula (Retz.) Gaertn., Fruct. 2: 91. t. 97. 1791.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kadukka, Pulicakku, Putanam
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Tamil name(s):
Haritaki
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English name(s):
Gallnut, Black myrobalan, Chebulic myrobalan
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Description:
Deciduous trees, to 25 m high, bark 5-6 mm thick, surface dark brown to black, fissures shallow, vertical, exfoliating in thick scales; blaze yellowish-brown; young shoots densely pubescent; branchlets brownish or greyish, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite to alternate, exstipulate; petiole 12-25 mm long, stout, grooved above, pubescent, 2 sessile glands at the top; lamina 9.5-28 x 4-13 cm, ovate, elliptic, obovate or elliptic-obovate, base round, obtuse, oblique or subtruncate, apex acute, acuminate, obtuse or apiculate, margin entire, glabrous above tawny villous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 6-12 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, arched towards the margin, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, greenish-white, 5-6 mm across, in terminal and axillary spikes with offensive smell; bracts 2-3 mm long; calyx tube 1.5-2.5 × 0.8-1 mm, villous, constricted above the ovary, lobes 5, creamy, triangular, 1.5 mm; petals 0; stamens 10 in 2 rows; filaments 4-6 mm; disc 5-lobed, villous; ovary 2 mm long, inferior, densely villous, 1-celled; style 5 mm, subulate; stigma terminal. Fruit a drupe 3-4 x 2-2.5 cm, obovoid, woody, obscurely 5 angled, glabrous, greenish-yellow; seed one.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-August
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District(s):
Idukki, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Palakkad
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Dry and moist deciduous forests
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Distribution:
South Asia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Green, White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
400-1050
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Localities:
Karumpara, Palapetty, Kokkara, Kumarikulam, Bonaccord, Attayar
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