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Strobilanthes barbatus
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Family:
ACANTHACEAE
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Citation: Strobilanthes barbatus Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 85. 1832; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 437. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1037(727). 1924; Venu in Daniel & Sanjappa (eds.), Fl. India ser. 4, Strobilanthes 66. 2006; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 629. 2009.
Nilgirianthus barbatus (Nees) Bremek., Mat. Monogr. Strob. 172. 1944; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 306. 1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 208. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 305. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 356. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 266. 1995; Pradeep, Fl. Vellarimala 115. 2000; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 384. 2005.
Strobilanthes barbatus Nees var. bonaccordensis Santhosh & Raj Vikraman, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 25: 742. 2001.
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Malayalam Name(s):
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Gregarious shrubs, 3-4 m high, sometimes subscandent; stems quadrangular, often winged, sulcate, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite in unequal pairs, ca 15 x 8 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, decurrent at base, entire, crenulate or repand at margin, coriaceous, glabrous, rarely puberulous, lineolate above; lateral nerves 7-12 pairs, raised beneath; petioles winged, ca 5 cm long, often swollen at leaf base, auriculate at base (when winged). Inflorescences spikes, ca 5 cm long, sometimes subsessile 2-4-fascicled heads interrupted at base, dense-flowered; bract imbricate, orbicular, caudate at apex, ca 1.8 cm long, green, glabrous when young, ciliate and glandular-hairy in fruit, grooved in adaxial face, recurved; bracteoles ovate- lanceolate, ca 1.5 cm long, pubescent, ciliate. Calyx ca 1.2 cm long; lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, minutely ciliate or not. Corolla tubular-campanulate, ca 2.5 cm long, glabrous outside, hairy inside, white; tubular base slightly shorter than upper campanulate portion; limb nearly erect; lobes 5, ovate-acute, ca 6 mm long, ciliate. Stamens 4, included or slightly exserted, didynamous, united; staminal sheath extending beyond the cylinder base; shorter pair ca 3 mm long, hairy only at base; longer pair ca 5 mm long, hairy throughout; filaments arising from different levels on staminal sheath; staminode absent. Ovary glandular-hairy above; ovules 2 in each locule with lower pair smaller and suppressed in seed; style slender, ca 2 cm long. Capsules elliptic, ca 1.2 cm long, 2-seeded; seeds obovate-orbicular, subacute at apex, ca 6 mm across, thin, glabrous, exareolate.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-December
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District(s):
Kannur, Kozhikkode, Kottayam, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Palakkad, Malappuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Wayanad, Idukki
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
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Distribution:
Western Ghats
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Western Ghats
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
300-1000
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Localities:
Damsite, Aruvanpara, Konni, Dhoni R. F., Kulathupuzha, Teppakulam, Choodal forests, Olichuchattam
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