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Sterculia urens
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Family:
STERCULIACEAE
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Citation: Sterculia urens Roxb., Pl. Corom. t. 24. 1795; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 355. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 106(75). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 51. 1982; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 82. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 91. 1990; K.C. Malick in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 471. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 88. 1994; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 12, 19; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 70. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 103. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 38. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 43. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 35. 2002; V. Chithra in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 473. 2005.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Annanvazhukki, Kithondi, Paravakka, Theethondi, Thondi
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Kateera-gum, Katira, Kulu, Sterculia gum
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Description:
Deciduous trees, to 15 m high, bark 10-12 mm, white or greenish-grey, smooth, exfoliating in large, thin, papery flakes; blaze red; exudation yellowish-white, sticky; branches horizontal; branchlets pubescent. Leaves simple, palmately 3-5 lobed, alternate, clustered at the tips of branchlets; stipules free, lateral, cauducous; petiole 8-18 cm long, stout, pubescent; lamina 15-30 x 18-30 cm, orbicular, base cordate or sagittate, lobe apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, margin entire, glabrous above, velvety pubescent beneath, coriaceous; 3-5-ribbed from base, palmate, prominent, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae subscalariform, faint. Flowers polygamous, greenish-yellow, in axillary panicles, covered with sticky tomentose of glandular, stellate hairs; calyx yellow, campanulate, hairy on both surfaces, lobes 5, a small hairy gland at the base of each lobe; petals absent; male flowers: staminal column short with 10 anthers at its tip; bisexual flowers: carpels usually 5, free, superior, on a short stout gynophore; style short, thick, hairy; stigmas 5; stamens in a ring round the carpel. Fruit an aggregate of 4-6 follicles, red, densely pubescent, mixed with stinging hairs; seeds 3-6, brown or black, oblong.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
October-April
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District(s):
Palakkad, Idukki, Malappuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikkode, Thrissur
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Moist and dry deciduous forests
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Green, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Peechi, Gellimala, Mulangampetty, Mangaladevi, Vengoli, Pathenthode, Walayar, Agali, Vadapuram
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