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Spilanthes ciliata
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Family:
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
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Citation: Spilanthes ciliata HBK, Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl. 4: 621. 1836; Sivar. et al., Anci. Sci. of Life 3: 171. 1984; Sivar. & Remesan, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 10: 145. 1987; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 380. 1990; H.J. Chowdhery in Hajra et al., Fl. India 12: 409. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 254. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 178. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 378. 1997; Joseph, Aquatic Angiosp. Malabar 52. 1991; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 288. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 390. 2009.
Acmella ciliata (HBK) Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 24: 331. 1822.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Kuppamaniyan, Pallu-vedana-chedi
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Diffuse herbs rooting at lower nodes; stem terete. Leaves simple,opposite, 7 x 4 cm, ovate, base rounded or subcordate, margins serrate, apex acute; petiole 1-2.5 cm long. Heads rayed, axillary, usually solitary, rarely 2-3 in each axil, c. 1 cm across, subglobose, turning conical, yellow; peduncle 3-8 cm long. Involucral bracts 2-seriate, shorter than ray florets, inner series narrower and smaller, up to 6 x 2 mm, elliptic, subacute. Palea c. 3 mm long, boat-shaped, concave, obtuse, keeled. Ray florets 8-12, female, ligulate; corolla tube c. 1 mm long, limb 3-lobed; pappus of 3 awns, deciduous; achenes trigonous, black, strongly margined and ciliate along the margins. Disc florets many, biusexual; pappus of 2 unequal bristles; corolla tube c. 2 mm long, lobes much shorter than the tube; achenes c. 2 x 0.5 mm, oblong, truncate at apex, laterally compressed, black, stronglyt margined, ciliate along the margins.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
August-December
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District(s):
Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kollam, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Wet or marshy areas
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Distribution:
Neotropics of the world; now naturalised in Western Peninsular India
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Aquatic:
Yes
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Sholayar, Puthukulam, Punnamada, Karuvarakundu
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