|
|
| |
Spathodea campanulata
|
| |
|
| |
Family:
BIGNONIACEAE
|
| |
Citation: Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., Fl. Owar. 1: 47. tt. 27-28. 1805; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1000(703). 1924; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 295. 1984; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 230. 1997; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 210. 1982; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 558. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 339. 1994; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 30. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 333. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 486. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 228. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 224. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 372. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 525. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 601. 2009.
|
| |
Malayalam Name(s):
Thaneerkaimaram, Spathodia
|
| |
Tamil name(s):
|
| |
English name(s):
Scarlet-bell tree, Fountain tree, African tulip tree
|
| |
Description:
Trees, to 18 m high; bark smooth, light brownish-grey; branchlets tomentose. Leaves imparipinnate, opposite, decussate, estipulate; rachis 9-40 cm long, stout, pubescent, grooved above, swollen at base; leaflets 9-19, opposite; petiolule 3-5 mm long, stout, pubescent; lamina 5-12.5 x 3-7 cm, elliptic-oblong, obovate-oblong or obovate, base round, acute or oblique, apex acuminate, margin entire, glabrous above, puberulent beneath, coriaceous, a prominent gland at the base of the lamina on the upper side; lateral nerves 5-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers bisexual, 8 cm long, bright red, in terminal racemes; pedicels 3-4 cm long, glabrous; bracts ca. 2 cm long; bracteoles 2, 7-10 mm long, oblong-lanceolate; calyx 5-6 x 2-2.5 cm, spathaceous, golden velutinous, recurved;. corolla tube 7.5-9 x 5-6 cm, bright reddish-orange without, yellowish within, glandular; lobes 5, 3-4.5 x 3-4 cm, subequal erect, deltoid; stamens e, subequal, unequally inserted at the base of swollen portion of the tube; filaments 4-6 cm long, glabrous; anthers large, locules divergent; staminodium small; disc 4 x 8 mm, annular, shallowly lobed; ovary superior, ovate-oblong, pubescent, papillose; style slender ca. 6 cm long; stigma 2-lipped, lips flattened. Fruit a capsule, 15-23 x 3-5 cm, lanceolate-oblong, brownish-black, woody, 2-valved; seeds many, 1.7-2.4 cm across, winged.
|
| |
Habit:
Tree
|
| |
Flowering & Fruiting:
November-May
|
| |
District(s):
All Districts
|
| |
Medicinal:
|
| |
Habitat:
Planted as an avenue tree, also as shade tree in coffee plantations
|
| |
Distribution:
Native in Tropical Africa
|
| |
Aquatic:
No
|
| |
Epiphyte(s):
No
|
| |
Saprophyte:
No
|
| |
Stem parasite:
No
|
| |
Root parasite:
No
|
| |
Flower colour(s):
Red
|
| |
Weed:
No
|
| |
Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
|
| |
Exotic:
Yes
|
| |
Garden:
Yes
|
| |
Edible:
No
|
| |
Vegetable:
No
|
| |
Endemic to:
|
| |
IUCN status:
|
| |
Altitude:
|
| |
Localities:
Karimutty, Vallakkadavu, Parambikulam, Karthikapally
|
|