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Solanum americanum
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Family:
SOLANACEAE
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Citation: Solanum americanum Mill., Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) 5. 1768; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 501. 1990; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 316. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 220. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 463. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 272. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 212. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 477. 2002; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 485. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 572. 2009.
Solanum nigrum sensu Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 936(657). 1923, non L. 1753; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 189. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 278. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 252. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 194. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 312. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 275. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 319. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 322. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 241. 1995; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 72. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 219. 1999.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Eradakukkeera, Karimthakkali, Mullakuthakkali, Manathakkali, Manithakkali, Tudavalam
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Tamil name(s):
Kakmachi
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English name(s):
Apple of sodom, American black nightshade, Black nightshade, Common nightshade, Popolo-kikania
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Description:
Erect annual herbs; stem glabrous or sparsely hispid. Leaves 2-5 x 1-3 cm, ovate or elliptic, base rounded, shortly decurrent on the petiole, subentire, acute to acuminate at apex, membraneous; petiole to 5 cm long. Inflorescence axillary to extra-axillary umbellate cymes; peduncle 1-2 cm long; pedicels 4-6 mm long. Calyx cupular, 5-lobed, minute. Corolla white, 3-4 mm across, subentire. Berry, 4-5 mm across, globose, purplish-black. Seeds c. 1 mm long, discoid, minutely pitted.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
March-November
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Degraded moist deciduous forest areas and riversides, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Cosmopolitan
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
-1100
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Localities:
Sholayar, Rosemala, Olikkudy, Thekkady, Thunakkadavu, Pandaravarai, Pathenthode, Punnamala, Cannanore, Tolpetty, Taliparamba, Kaikatty forests-Pothundy, Ponmudi, Kasaragod, Alleppey town, Vazhikadavu, Choodal forests, Vandalodu, Ariankavu, Kulathupuzha,
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