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Sapindus trifoliatus
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Family:
SAPINDACEAE
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Citation: Sapindus trifoliatus L., Sp. Pl. 367. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 682. 1875; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 108. 1985; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 19. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 119. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 77. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 165. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 80. 1998; P.C. Pant in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 382. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 75. 2002; P. Singh & E. Vajr. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 785. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 186. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 246. 2009.
Sapindus laurifolius Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 54. 1794; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 250(178). 1918; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 71. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 125. 1984; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 114. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 111. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 132. 1990; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 78. 1995; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 176. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 143. 2005.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Aritha, Chavakai, Pasaka, Pasakotta, Ponnankotta, Soapinkaimaram, Urulungi, Urunjikai, Uruvangi, Uravanjikkaya
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Soapnut tree
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Description:
Trees, to 18 m high, bark 4-6 mm thick, greyish-brown; brittle or semi fibrous; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves paripinnate, alternate, estipulate; leaflets 4-6, opposite or subopposite, 6.5-25 x 2.5-11.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic or lanceolate, apex acuminate, base oblique, round or acute, margin entire, glabrous, chartaceous; rachis 4.5-10 cm, stout, glabrous, swollen at base; lateral nerves 6-17 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, secondary laterals prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers polygamous, greenish-white, 5-6 mm across, in axillary or terminal panicles; panicles densely pubescent. Sepals 5, pubescent outside, glabrous within, ovate, unequal, in 2 series, much imbricate. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, softly woolly on the inner surface except the claw, scales minute or absent; disc concave, margin fleshy, hirsute.Sstamens 8, inserted within the disc; filaments free, pilose; anthers oblong. Ovary superior, tomentose, not lobed, 2-3-celled, ovule 1 in each cell; style terminal, stigma 2-3 lobed. Fruit a drupe, 16-18 mm across, globose, greenish-yellow, fulvous hairy when young, wrinkled when ripe; seeds 2-3, globose, black.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
December-April
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
South Asia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Green, White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
600-800
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Localities:
Peechi, Kattalappara, Koruthode, Vengoli, Kannimara, Sangili, Kulathupuzha, Arampa, Pathenthode, Kannoth, Tirunalli, Hosdurg, Karimbam, Mukkali forests, Pothundy Dam slopes, Kakkazham, Kanjirakadavu, Thenmalai, Bonaccord
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