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Santalum album
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Family:
SANTALACEAE
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Citation: Santalum album L., Sp. Pl. 349. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 231. 1886; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1261(883). 1925; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 254. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 351. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 328. 1985; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 350. 1989; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 402. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 697. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 414. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 401. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 321. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 388. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 277. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 598. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 360. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 276. 1999; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 331. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 277. 2002; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 613. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 713. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chandanam
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Sandal tree, White sandal tree
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Description:
Evergreen trees, to 10 m high, bark surface dark grey to nearly black, rough with short vertical cracks. Leaves simple, opposite, 3.7-12 x 2-4 cm, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, base acute or round, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above and glaucous beneath, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-13 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae reticulate, obscure; petiole 12-18 mm long, slender, glabrous, grooved above. Flowers bisexual, 5-6 mm across, reddish-purple, in axillary and terminal paniculate cymes, much shorter than leaves. Tepals 5, basally connate into a campanulate tube of 2 mm long, shortly connate to the basal part of the ovary; lobes 2.5 x 1.5 mm, ovate, thin, fleshy, glaucescent without, minutely ciliate; disc concave, adhering to the bottom of perianth, its lobes alternates with tepals. Stamens 5, alternates with disc; filaments 1 mm; anthers 0.7 mm, ovoid, 2-celled. Ovary superior later half inferior at the time of flowering, globose, 1 mm, 1-celled, ovules 2-3, pendulous from below the long, acuminate, central column; style 1.5 mm, stigma 3 lobed. Fruit a drupe, 8-12 mm across, globose, blackish-purple, annulate above, beaked with the basal part of the style; seed one.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
November-December
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Dry deciduous forests, also grown in homesteads
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Distribution:
Peninsular India and Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow, Orange, Brown
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
Vulnerable (VU)
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Altitude:
50-1400
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Localities:
Chiyyaram, Peechi, Alampetty, Chinnar, Kokkara, Karimthalappara, Ezhimala, Karimbam, Kumbla, Tolpetty, Marayur, Karimpuzha, Thenmalai, Ariankavu, Neerkunnam
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