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Mallotus philippensis
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Family:
EUPHORBIACEAE
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Citation: Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg., Linnaea 34: 196. 1865; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 442. 1887, "philippinensis"; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1322(924). 1925; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 260. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 369. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 342. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 422. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 363. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 722. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 433. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 420. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 342. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 408. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 291. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 629. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 375. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 287. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 294. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 612. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 450. 2005; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 150. 2007; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 640. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 744. 2009.
Croton philippensis Lam., Encycl. 2: 206. 1786.
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. var. tomentosus Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1322(924). 1925; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 450. 2005.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chenkolli, Kapila, Kuramaddaku, Kurangumanjal, Manjanampottu, Noorimaram, Ponoo, Ponnakam, Shenkolli, Sindooram, Thavatta
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Monkey face tree, Kamala tree
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Description:
Dioecious trees, to 12 m high, bark 4-5 mm thick, pale brown; branchlets, young leaves and inflorescence tawny or rusty pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate, 5-20 x 2-8 cm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate or acute, base acute or round, margin entire or sparsely serrate, glabrous above, greyish pubescent to fulvous tomentose with minute red glands beneath; coriaceous; 3-ribbed from base, lateral nerves upto 6 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, intercostae scalariform, prominent; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 7-60 mm long, stout, swollen at base, fulvous-pubescent with 2 small sessile glands on each side of the submit. Flowers unisexual, brick red, in rusty puberulous, terminal spicate panicles. Male flowers: 4.5 mm across; tepals 4, lanceolate, stamens many. Female flowers: 4 mm across, tepals 3 or 4, thicker than in males, ovate-lanceolate; ovary with red glands, superior, 3-celled, ovules one in each cell; styles 3, to 3.5 mm long, papillose. Fruit a capsule, 7-8 mm across, globose, 3-lobed, loculicidally 3 valved, densely red-glandular, pubescent; seeds 1-4, globose, glabrous, black.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
October-March
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, evergreen and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia and Australia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
800-1000
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Localities:
Vazhachal, Rosemala, Thayanankkudy, Chinnar, Thekkady, Umikuppan, Koruthode, Kariamchola, Keerapady, Rockpoint, Sangili, Kulathupuzha, Kallar, Nadugani ghats, Moozhiar, Konni, Angamoozhy, Pathenthode, Chandanathode, Kannoth, Parappa, Taliparamba, Devicol
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