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Holigarna grahamii
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Family:
ANACARDIACEAE
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Citation: Holigarna grahamii (Wight) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42: 305. 1872; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 37. 1876; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 268(191). 1918; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 136. 1990; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 29. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 121. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 82. 1998; D. Chandra & S.K. Mukh. in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 460. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 78. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 146. 2005; V. Chandra. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 805. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 252. 2009.
Semecarpus grahamii Wight, Ic. t. 235. 1839.
Holigarna wightii Balakr., Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 63: 327. 1966.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Bipti, Balwuli, Cheru, Nai-cheru, Vellacheru
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
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Description:
Large evergreen trees, to 30 m high, bark 20-25 mm thick, surface yellowish-grey, mottled with green and white, smooth, lenticellate; outer bark 1-2 mm thick, dead, corky, inner bark thick, brittle, inner layers fibrous; exudation scanty, colourless, become black on drying; branchlets brown tomentose. Leaves simple, alternate, clustered at the tips of branchlets, 15-70 x 7-25 cm, oblanceolate, suddenly broad above the middle, apex acuminate, base cuneate or acute, margin entire, glabrous above, densely golden brown tomentose below, coriaceous; petiole 15-50 mm long, stout, broadened at base, brown tomentose; spur 2 pairs, stout, persistent, brown tomentose; lateral nerves many, parallel, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers small, polygamous, dull white, in terminal rusty tomentose panicles. Calyx cupular, shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering at the base and with the edge of the disc, villous within; disc lining the calyx tube, obscure in bisexual flowers. Stamens 5, inserted outside the disc; filaments subulate; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, ovule pendulous from near the top of the cell.; styles usually 3, divergent; stigmas capitate. Fruit a drupe, 2/3-3/4th included in hypocarp, vertically shallowly grooved, ovoid, reddish-purple.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
October-March
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District(s):
Palakkad, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Thrissur, Wayanad, Kozhikkode, Kollam, Malappuram, Kannur
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen forests
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Distribution:
Western Ghats
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
Western Ghats
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IUCN status:
Vulnerable (VU)
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Sholayar, Vazhani, Vallakkadavu, Kariamchola, Pezha, Nadugani ghats, Moozhiar, Mukkali forests, Kaikatty forests-Pothundy
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