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Garcinia morella
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Family:
CLUSIACEAE/GUTTIFERAE
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Citation: Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desv. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 701. 1792; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 204. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 74(52). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 80. 1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 20. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 55. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 71. 1990; N.P. Singh in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 119. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 71. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 23. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 22,30. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 52. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 69. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 25. 1998; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 154. 2000 Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 22. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 85. 2002; W. Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 338. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 136. 2009.
Mangostana morella Gaertn., Fruct. 2: 106. 1790.
Garcinia pictoria Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2:627. 1832; W. Arisdason & P. Daniel in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 339. 2005.
Garcinia gutta Wight, Ic. t. 44. 1840.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chigiri, Daramba, Iravi
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Mysore Gamboge tree, Indian Gamboge tree
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Description:
Evergreen trees, to 18 m high, bark 3-10 mm thick, brownish-grey or brown to dark brown, smooth; blaze dark yellow; exudation dark yellow or orange yellow, sticky; branchlets quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves simple, opposite, decussate, 6-16 x 2.5-9 cm, elliptic-obovate or elliptic-oblanceolate, apex obtuse, obtusely acuminate or caudate-acuminate, base acute or cuneate, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-16 pairs, pinnate, arched towards the margin forming intramarginal nerve, slender, prominent, intercostae reticulate, faint; petiole 6-15 mm, stout, glabrous, grooved above, thickened, very shortly ligulate at base. Flowers polygamodioecious, reddish, sessile: Male flowers: 2-4 in axillary fascicles or on old wood; sepals 4 orbicular, decussate, outer pairs smaller than the inner, glabrous; petals 4, little larger than sepals, orbicular, veined, concave; stamens 10-12, monadelphous, the filaments combined in to a subquadrangular central column, anthers red, orbicular, plurilocular; pistillode absent. Female flowers: axillary, solitary, larger than male flowers; staminodes 10-12 in a ring round the ovary, connate at the base; ovary superior, greenish, globose, smooth, 4-celled, ovule one in each cell; stigma peltate, sessile, irregularly lobed, tubercled, persistent, margin dentate. Fruit a berry, 1.5-2.5 cm long, subglobose, or globose, smooth, yellowish or light pink, surrounded at the base by persistent sepals, crowned by flat tuberculate round stigmas, pulp sweet, acidic; seeds 2-4, kidney shaped, laterally compressed, dark brown, testa muriculate.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-August
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District(s):
Palakkad, Kollam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kannur, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Kozhikkode, Wayanad
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
650-1300
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Localities:
Peechi, Vallakkadavu, Arippa, Nadugani ghats, Manthampotty, Parambikulam, Kanthalppara, Aruvanpara, Panoth, Mukkali forests, Silent Valley R. F., Siruvani slopes, Ponmudi, Boneccord, Thalichola, Karuvarakundu, Ettapadappu, Bonaccord, Attayar, Chemungi
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