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Elettaria cardamomum
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Family:
ZINGIBERACEAE
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Citation: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 254. 1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 251. 1892; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1491(1041). 1928; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 405. 1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 312. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 471. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 793. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 499. 1990; Sabu, Taxonomic Phylogenetic Stud. Zingiberac. 154. 1991; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 473. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 382. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 27. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 460. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 337. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 708. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 448. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 344. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 499. 2005; Sabu, Zingiberaceae and Costaceae of South India 101. 2006; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 867. 2009.
Amomum cardamomum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 1. 1753.
Alpinia cardamomum (L.) Roxb., Asiat. Res. 11:356. 1810 & Pl. Corom. 3: 19. t. 226. 1819.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton var. minus Watt, Econ. Prodr. India 512. 1908.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton var. minuscula Burkill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930:35.1930.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Bavula, Ealakkaya, Eallam, Elam, Elattari
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Cardamom
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Description:
Herbs, rhizome branched, thick; leafy shoots to 2 m high, tufted. Leaves bifarious, to 60 x 10 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends. Flowers in prostrate or erect, 30-50 cm long, panicles from the rhizome; bracts scarius, 3-4 cm long, supporting 2-7 flowers. Calyx tubular, 1 cm long, split on one side. Corolla white, tube equal to the calyx, lobes unequal, to 2 cm long, oblong. Labellum 1 x 0.5 cm, obovate, white with red lines. Stamen 1, filaments short; anther cells parallel, shortly spurred; staminodes short. Ovary 3-celled, ovules many, style filiform, stigma funnel shaped. Capsule 8-13 x 5-8 mm, ellipsoid, striate; seeds many, angular, fragrant.
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Habit:
Herb
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Flowering & Fruiting:
September-February
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District(s):
Palakkad, Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kannur, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia and China
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Purple, White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Monocotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
800-
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Localities:
Sholayar, Rosemala, Mlappara, Pooppara, Ranni, Punnamala, Lock-hert gap, Thalichola, Hereford, Thenmalai, Teppakulam, Ariankavu
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