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Dimocarpus longan
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Family:
SAPINDACEAE
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Citation: Dimocarpus longan Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 233. 1790; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 124. 1984; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 63. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 111. 1988; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 131. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 124. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 77. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 25, 33; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 117. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 75. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 162. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 78. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 75. 1999; P.C. Pant in N.P. Singh et al., Fl. India 5: 358. 2000; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 74. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 174. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 141. 2005; P. Singh & E. Vajr. in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 776. 2005; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 242. 2009.
Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1: 328. 1821.
Euphoria longana Lam., Encycl. 3: 574. 1792.
Nephelium longana (Lam.) Camp., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 18: 30. 1829; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 688. 1875; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 252(180). 1918.
Scytalia longan (Lour.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. (ed.3) 113. 1797.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chempoovam, Chempunna, Malampoovathi, Poripunna
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Longan Eyeball tree, Longan tree
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Description:
Evergreen trees, to 18 m, high, bark greyish or reddish-brown, smooth, flaking off in thin scales; branchlets prominently white lenticellate, reddish-brown tomentose. Leaves paripinnate, alternate, estipulate; leaflets 8-20, subopposite or alternate, 5-20 x 2.5-6 cm, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, base oblique or acute, margin entire, slightly undulate, glabrous above, glaucous beneath, coriaceous; rachis 12-18 cm, stout, grooved above, swollen at base, glabrous; lateral nerves 14-17 pairs, parallel, prominent, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers polygamous, 5-6 mm across, yellowish-white, in terminal and axillary brown tomentose panicles or racemes. Calyx cupular, tomentose; lobes 5 or 6, ovate, saccate at base. Petals 5 or 6, oblong, pilose at base, deflexed; disc annular, fleshy, lining the calyx tube. Stamens 8 or 10, inserted within the disc; filaments slender, hairy. Ovary superior, ovoid, 2 lobed, pubescent, 2-celled, ovule 1 in each cell; style simple; stigma bifid. Fruit a schizocarp of 1-2 cocci, 1-1.5 x 1 cm, globose, reddish-brown, with round tubercles or sometimes nearly smooth; seed one, black, covered by fleshy aril.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
March-August
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District(s):
Palakkad, Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Malappuram, Kannur, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad, Kozhikkode
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
White, Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
-1800
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Localities:
Peechi, Vellanimala, Rosemala, Kattalappara, Olikkudy, Ambari, Koruthode, Karimala, Kannoth, Nelluyampathy forests, Nilikkal, Chembotti, Kodumundi-Chittar, Chandanathode, Nedumpoyil, Santhanpara, Ayyappankovil, Mukkali forests, Aravenu, Kallamalai, Kalla
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