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Caesalpinia sappan
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Family:
FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Subfam.: Caesalpinioideae)
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Citation: Caesalpinia sappan L., Sp. Pl. 381. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 255. 1878; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 394(279). 1919; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 98. 1982; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 12. 1992; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 120. 1995; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 262. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 331. 2009.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chappangam, Patang, Sappannam
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Brazil wood, Sappan wood
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Description:
Trees, to 10 m high, sparsely armed with short straight or recurved prickles. Leaves bipinnate, alternate; stipules spiniform, to 3-5 mm long; rachis 20-40 cm long, slender, pubescent, pulvinate; pinnae 10-14 pairs, 2.5-10 cm long, slender; a spine present at the junction between pinnae pairs on the upper side; leaflets20-40, opposite, subsessile; lamina 1-2.5 x 0.5-1 cm, oblong, base oblique, obtuse, apex obtuse, emarginate, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 5-15 pairs, pinnate, faint, intercostae obscure. Flowers bisexual, yellow, in supra-axillary and terminal racemes; pedicels 1-2 cm long; sepals 5, unequal; petals 5, orbicular, subequal, with red spot at the base; stamens 10, declinate, densely woolly at base; ovary half inferior, grey-velvety. Fruit a pod, 7-10 x 3-4 cm, obliquely oblong, black, glabrous; seeds black, oblong or ellipsoid.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
August-December
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Cultivated
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
Yes
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Thenmalai, Ariankavu
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