|
|
| |
Butea monosperma
|
| |
|
| |
Family:
FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Subfam.: Papilionoideae)
|
| |
Citation: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 366. 1894; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 90. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 138. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 117. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 70. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 127. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 165. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 147. 1990; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 99. 1992; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 205. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 85. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 84. 2002; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 200. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 266. 2009.
Erythrina monosperma Lam., Encycl. 1: 391. 1785.
Butea frondosa Koenig ex Roxb., Asiat. Res. 3: 369. 1792 & Pl. Corom. t. 21. 1795; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 194. 1876; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 357(252). 1918.
|
| |
Malayalam Name(s):
Brahmavriksham, Chamatha, Mukkappuyam, Plasu, Palasinsamatha
|
| |
Tamil name(s):
|
| |
English name(s):
Flame of the forest, Bastard teak, Bengal kino tree
|
| |
Description:
Deciduous trees, to10 m high, bole crooked, irregular; bark 5-6 mm thick, grey to greyish-brown; exudation red; branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves trifoliate, alternate; stipules small, lateral, cauducous; rachis 12-20 cm long, stout, pubescent, pulvinate; stipels subulate; petiolule 5-10 mm long, stout, pubescent; lateral leaflets 8.8-13.7 x 5.5-11 cm, broadly oblong-ovate or suborbicular, base oblique, apex obtuse, terminal leaflet 11-15 x 12.5-15 cm, widely rhomboid, base obtuse, apex emarginate, silky pubescent on both sides when young, glabrous above, silky pubescent beneath when mature, margin entire, coriaceous; lateral nerves 4-8 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers bisexual, 5 cm long, bright red, in terminal or axillary, densely fascicled, racemes; calyx broadly campanulate, teeth 5, deltoid, short, upper 2 connate, velvety; corolla much exserted; petals 5, standard petal 5 x 2.5 cm, lanceolate, clawed, wings falcate 4.5 x 1.5 cm adnate to keel, keel united 4.5 x 3 cm, curved; stamens 9 + 1; vexillary stamens free; anthers uniform; ovary 2.5 cm, inferior, 1-celled, ovules2; style long, incurved, beardless; stigma small. Fruit a pod, 12.5-28 cm long, oblong, the base flat, wing-like and indehiscent, the tip splitting round the apical seed; seed obovate, compressed.
|
| |
Habit:
Tree
|
| |
Flowering & Fruiting:
March-April
|
| |
District(s):
Palakkad, Alappuzha, Kasaragode, Kollam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kannur, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram
|
| |
Medicinal:
Yes
|
| |
Habitat:
Dry and moist deciduous forests, also grown in the plains
|
| |
Distribution:
Tropical Asia
|
| |
Aquatic:
No
|
| |
Epiphyte(s):
No
|
| |
Saprophyte:
No
|
| |
Stem parasite:
No
|
| |
Root parasite:
No
|
| |
Flower colour(s):
Orange
|
| |
Weed:
No
|
| |
Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
|
| |
Exotic:
No
|
| |
Garden:
No
|
| |
Edible:
No
|
| |
Vegetable:
No
|
| |
Endemic to:
|
| |
IUCN status:
|
| |
Altitude:
|
| |
Localities:
Chinnar, Kariamchola, Panthenthode border, Begur, Karimbam, Parappa, Taliparamba, Mangalam Dam area, Mukkali forests, Karumudi, Karimpuzha
|
|