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Breynia vitis-idaea
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Family:
EUPHORBIACEAE
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Citation: Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 65. 1932; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 271. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 360. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 335. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 411. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 356. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 705. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 423. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 408. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 336. 1995; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 396. 1996; Chakrab. & Gangop., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 20: 509. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 282. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 609. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 366. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 280. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 284. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 601. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 439. 2005; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 340. 2007; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 622. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 725. 2009.
Rhamnus vitis-idaea Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 61. 1768.
Breynia rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.-Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15:440. 1866; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 330. 1887; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1304(912). 1925.
Phyllanthus rhamnoides Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 30. 1788.
Melanthesa rhamnoides (Retz.) Wight, Ic. t. 1898, fig. 1. 1852.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chuvannaniruri, Kattuniruri, Pavalapulla, Pavilapoola
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Indian snowberry
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Description:
Large shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, 2-3 x 1.5-2.5 cm, ovate or elliptic, apex acute, base acute or obtuse, glabrous, dark brown above and lighter below on drying; petiole to 2 mm long. Male flowers in axillary fascicles of 2-5; pedicels 3-5 mm long; perianth turbinate, yellow, lobes 5; stamens 3. Female flowers axillary, solitary, reddish, c. 1.5 mm across; perianth campanulate, 5-6-lobed; ovary 3-celled; style short; stigmas 3, sunk at top of ovary. Fruit 3-4 mm across; globose, red on ripening, changes to purple.
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Habit:
Shrub
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Flowering & Fruiting:
February-August
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Red, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
No
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
800-1200
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Localities:
Poringal, Choodal, Karimutty, Olikkudy, Mlappara, Vallakkadavu, Uppupara, Thekkady, Kariamchola, Karimala, Chindaki forest, Moozhiar, Pathenthode, Taliparamba, Pappinisseri, Chandanathode, Kalliassey, Kannoth, Marayur, Dhoni R. F., Karivara slopes, Mukka
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