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Artocarpus heterophyllus
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Family:
MORACEAE
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Citation: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Encycl. 3: 209. 1789; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 278. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 376. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 350. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 258. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 430. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 745. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 443. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 430. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 354. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 24,31. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 426. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 300. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 659. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 390. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 308. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 625. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 460. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 657. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 767. 2009.
Artocarpus integrifolius Wight, Ic. t. 678. 1840; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 541. 1888, non L.f. 1781; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1369(957). 1928.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Chakka maram, Chakka, Pilavu, Plavu, Kottachakka
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Jack fruit tree
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Description:
Evergreen trees to 25 m high, bark 10-12 mm thick, blackish-grey, mottled with green and black, exfoliating in large thick flakes, exfoliated surface orange-red; exudation milky white latex; trunk with warty tubercles; branchlets glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, 8-23 x 3-13 cm, obovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic-ovate, apex acute or obtuse, base acute, round or cuneate, margin entire, glabrous and shining above and scabrous beneath; lateral nerves 6-8 pairs, pinnate, prominent, arched, intercostae scalariform, prominent; stipules 3-5 cm long, lateral, ovate-lanceolate, sheathing, glabrous, cauducous; petiole 20-40 mm long, stout, grooved above, glabrous. Flowers unisexual, minute, yellowish-green, in spikes enclosed by spathe-like bracts, male from young branches, catkin narrow-cylindric; perianth 2-lobed, puberulous; stamen 1; filament somewhat flattened, stout; anthers ovate-oblong; female catkins from the trunk and mature branches, more massive, perianth with strongly projecting conical apex; ovary 0.3 mm, superior, globose-obovoid; style exserted; stigma spathulate. Fruit a sorosis 30-45 x 20-25 cm, oblong, tuberculate, tubercles conical yellowish-green, fruiting perianth yellow to light orange, fleshy; seeds 10-12 x 8-10 mm, elliptic-oblong, smooth, glossy.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
November-April
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, also widely cultivated
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Distribution:
Widely cultivated in the tropics, origin is probably South India
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow, Green
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
Yes
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
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Localities:
Peechi, Kallar, Karadikkavala, Karimthalappara, Nadugani ghats, Aruvanpara, Taliparamba, Nellikuth, Vandalodu, Chingoli, Attayar
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