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Antidesma bunius
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Family:
EUPHORBIACEAE
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Citation: Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 826.1825; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5:358.1887; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1298(908). 1925; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 272. 1982; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 245. 1988; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 332. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 408. 1988; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 22. 1996; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 604. 1997; Chakrab. & Gangop., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 24: 12. 2000; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 595. 2002; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 304. 2007; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 720. 2009.
Stilago bunius L., Mant. Pl. 1: 122. 1767.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Aryaporiyan, Cherutali, Mayilkombi, Neelathali, Noolithali
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Tamil name(s):
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English name(s):
Chinese laurel, Salamander tree
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Description:
Trees, to 10 m high; bark dark brown; branchlets greyish-brown, lenticellate, initially rufous or brown-tomentellous or sparsely white pilose, soon glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate; stipules lateral, 4-5 x 1 mm, subulate or linear-lanceolate; petiole 3-10 mm long, slender, puberulous or pilose, finally glabrous; lamina 7-19 x 3-8 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, base cuneate, round, acute or subacute, apex acuminate, apiculate or cuspidate, margin entire or irregularly and obscurely repand, glossy above, glabrous or often sparsely puberulous or pilose on midrib above towards base, glabrous beneath except for the bearded lower axils of the lateral nerves, coriaceous; lateral nerves 5-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent; domatia present. Flowers unisexual, reddish; male flowers: in spikes, terminal or often axillary or terminating the lateral shoots, solitary or 2-3 together; peduncle scattered tawny puberulous or thinly tomentellous; bracts 1-1.5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate; perianth cupular, 1 x 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulous to glabrous; lobes 4, shallow, suborbicular, ciliate; disc subglobose, lobed above; stamens 3, inserted into the cavities of the disc; anthers orbicular; pistillode capitate; female flowers: terminal and axillary, solitary or in pair ovule 2; peduncle scattered puberulous; bracts deltoid, conduplicate, deciduous; pedicel 0.5-2 mm long, puberulous, glabrous; perianth 0.5 x 1.5 mm, glabrous, 4-lobed upto midway; lobes deltoid, ciliate at margin; ovary superior, ovoid, 1-1.8 mm long, glabrous, 1-[ 2 ] locular, ovule 2 in each cell; styles 3, terminal, erect. Fruit a drupe, 5-6 x 4-6 mm, suborbicular to ovoid or wide ellipsoid, slightly compressed, glabrous, red when ripe.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
March-May
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District(s):
Idukki, Kasaragode, Malappuram, Kannur, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad
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Medicinal:
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Habitat:
Evergreen forests, also in sacred groves
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Distribution:
Indo-Malesia to Australia and South China
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Yellow, Creamy
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
1000-1900
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Localities:
Pullankandom, Damsite, on way to Brahmagiri, Chandanathode, Periyarum, Santhanpara, Nadugani ghats, Ampumala, Chemungi, Athirumala, Pongalapara
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