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Aegle marmelos
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Family:
RUTACEAE
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Citation: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 223. 1800; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 516. 1875; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 161(115). 1915; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 58. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 103. 1984; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 94. 1989; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 102. 1990; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 102. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 101. 1994; K.N. Nair & M.P. Nayar in Hajra et al., Fl. India 4: 264. 1997; Ravikumar & Ved, Illustr. Field Guide 100 Red Listed Med. Pl. 41. 2000; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 114. 2005; R.K. Premanath in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 583. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 156. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 189. 2009.
Crataeva marmelos L., Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa var. mahurensis Zate, Indian J. For. 5: 35. 1982.
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Malayalam Name(s):
Koolakam, Koovalam, Vilvam, Mavilavu
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Tamil name(s):
Bilva
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English name(s):
Bael tree, Bengal quince, Holy fruit tree, Indian Bael, Stone apple, Wood Apple
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Description:
Trees to 12 m tall, deciduous; branchlets cylindric, sometimes slightly angled, glabrous; spines axillary, solitary or paired, straight, stout and sharp. Leaves alternate-3-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliolate, dimorphic, leaflets subsessile, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at apex, oblique at base, shallowly crenate-serrate at margin, membranous, pellucid-punctate, pale green; petioles terete to 6 cm long, glabrous or puberulous when young. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, racemose or corymbose, few-flowered, 4-5 cm long; peduncles densely puberulent; pedicels 2-4 mm long. Flowers bisexual, greenish white or yellow, fragrant. Calyx cupular, finely puberulent, caducous; lobes 4 or 5, 3-angled. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, subequal, ca 12 x 6 mm, spreading, glabrous, fleshy and white. Stamens numerous in 2 or 3 series, free or basally subconnate, unequal; filaments subulate, ca 7 mm long, glandular; anthers linear-oblong, ca 8 mm long. Disc glabrous, greenish. Ovary ovoid, 4-5 mm long, faintly ridged, 10-loculed; ovules many, 2-seriate; style short; stigma oblong, longitudinally grooved. Berries ovoid, 6-10 cm across, woody, yellowish, many seeded; seeds oblong and flat.
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Habit:
Tree
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Flowering & Fruiting:
March-May
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District(s):
All Districts
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Medicinal:
Yes
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Habitat:
Grown in temple premises and homesteads
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Distribution:
India and Sri Lanka; widely cultivated in South East Asia, Malesia, Tropical Africa and the United States
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Aquatic:
No
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Epiphyte(s):
No
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Saprophyte:
No
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Stem parasite:
No
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Root parasite:
No
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Flower colour(s):
Green, White
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Weed:
No
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Monocot/Dicot:
Dicotyledonous Plants
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Exotic:
No
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Garden:
No
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Edible:
Yes
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Vegetable:
No
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Endemic to:
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IUCN status:
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Altitude:
-1200
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Localities:
Cheramangalam Dam area-Nemmara, Kayamkulam
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